Is Your Inheritance Taxable?

SmartAsset: Is Your Inheritance Taxable?

Generally speaking, your inheritance is or could be taxable, though this will depend on the state. Whether you’ll pay inheritance tax and how much you’ll pay depends on a variety of factors, including which state the deceased lived in and what your relationship to the deceased was. You could pay nothing, or you could pay as much as 18% of the value of the inheritance. These taxes work similarly to estate taxes (commonly known as “death taxes”), but they tax the heir instead of the estate itself.

A financial advisor can also help you create an estate plan for you and your family. Speak with an advisor today.

The short answer is yes, an inheritance may be taxable, depending on a few factors. Your inheritance can actually be taxed in two ways: inheritance taxes and estate taxes. However, you’re only responsible for paying inheritance tax. Estate tax comes directly out of an estate before it’s divided and distributed.

Whether you’ll actually have to pay an inheritance tax depends on which state the deceased lived in, as there is no federal inheritance tax. Only six states still impose an inheritance tax: Iowa (reduced for the 2023 tax year but not in 2024), Kentucky, Maryland, Nebraska, New Jersey and Pennsylvania. Even if you live in one of those six states but the deceased did not, you won’t have to pay inheritance tax. State laws are subject to change though, so always double-check with your state tax agency.

A third way you end up paying for your inheritance is through state and federal income taxes. Inheritance isn’t typically considered income, but certain types of assets you inherit may have tax implications. You may have to pay taxes when you take the distributions from an inherited retirement account or when you sell inherited real estate or stocks.

What’s the Difference Between Inheritance Taxes and Estate Taxes?

You may hear the terms used interchangeably, but inheritance tax and estate tax are two distinct taxes. The most obvious difference between the two is who pays the tax. With estate tax, the tax is taken out of the deceased’s assets before they’re doled out to beneficiaries. With inheritance tax, the tax is levied after the inheritance is distributed to beneficiaries.

Another key difference is that while inheritance tax is only levied by states, both the federal government and states may collect an estate tax. However, the federal estate tax only applies to estates that are worth more than $12.92 million in 2023 ($25.84 million for couples). There are 13 states, and the District of Columbia, that levy their estate taxes, with the highest rate in Washington state, ranging from 10% to 20%.

Notably, the only state that currently collects both estate and inheritance taxes is Maryland. In Maryland, assets can be taxed both before and after distribution. In other states, assets will only be taxed before or after distribution, or at either time.

How Does the Inheritance Tax Work?

Inheritance tax only applies if the deceased lived in one of the six states that levy inheritance tax. Even if you live in a state that has an inheritance tax, if the deceased lived in a state that did not have an inheritance tax you will not pay any inheritance tax.

You won’t have to pay inheritance tax until after the decedent’s estate goes to the correct beneficiaries. Unlike estate tax, which is collected from the deceased’s assets before they’re given to beneficiaries, inheritance tax is levied after distribution. The beneficiaries are responsible for paying inheritance tax.

Each beneficiary may owe a different amount. The amount that a beneficiary owes depends on how much he or she has received, what his or her relationship to the deceased is and in which state the deceased lived.

Inheritance Tax Exemptions

State inheritance tax rates are dependent on the beneficiary’s relationship to the deceased. In all six states, a surviving spouse is exempt from paying inheritance tax. New Jersey is the only state that has a complete exemption for domestic partners. Kids and grandkids are exempt from inheritance tax in each of the states except for Pennsylvania and Nebraska.

Exemption rates vary state by state for siblings, nieces and nephews, aunts and uncles and son- and daughter-in-law. Generally, beneficiaries who don’t have a familial relation to the deceased will pay higher inheritance tax rates.

There are also monetary exemptions. For instance, Iowa does not tax inheritance if the net estate is worth $25,000 or less. Maryland does not levy an inheritance tax if the total probate property value is less than $50,000. In

How Much Is the Inheritance Tax?

Inheritance tax rates vary widely. As previously mentioned, the amount you owe depends on your relationship with the deceased. Inheritance tax rates range from 0% up to 18% of the value of the inheritance.

As of 2023, here are the ranges for each of the six states that collect inheritance tax:

Iowa: 2% – 4%
Kentucky: 4% – 16%
Maryland: 10%
Nebraska: 1% – 18%
New Jersey: 11% – 16%
Pennsylvania: 0% – 15%

For 2024, here are the ranges for each of the six states that collect inheritance tax:

Iowa: 1% – 2%
Kentucky: 6% – 16%
Maryland: 10%
Nebraska: 1% – 18%
New Jersey: 11% – 16%
Pennsylvania: 0% – 15%

How Can I Protect My Inheritance From Taxes?

The most obvious – and perhaps the most logistically difficult – is to try to get your benefactor to move to a state that doesn’t have an inheritance tax. Moving aside, benefactors have the option of gifting or their assets or putting the assets into a trust. Instead of waiting until after they’ve died to dole out your inheritance, they could consider gifting a portion of it each year.

Setting up a trust protects your inheritance from taxation. There are also other tax management strategies you can use when managing your estate or inheritance, working with an account or financial advisor could be helpful.

Bottom Line

Keep in mind that estate tax and inheritance tax are not the same. A benefactor pays inheritance tax after receiving his or her portion of the assets. Only six states – Iowa, Kentucky, Maryland, Nebraska, New Jersey and Pennsylvania – have an inheritance tax. Only Maryland levies both estate and inheritance tax. Inheritance tax rates vary depending on your relationship with the deceased. As with anything involving taxes, always be sure to double-check state tax laws before doing anything, as these laws are subject to change.

Tips for Spending Your Inheritance Wisely

A financial advisor could help you create an estate plan for your family. Finding a financial advisor doesn’t need to be hard. SmartAsset’s free tool matches you with up to three vetted financial advisors who serve your area, and you can have a free introductory call with your advisor matches to decide which one you feel is right for you. If you’re ready to find an advisor who can help you achieve your financial goals, get started now.
Think before spending. As tempting as a shopping spree might be when you suddenly get a big chunk of change, think before spending. Consider putting your money into a savings account or a money market account while you decide how you want to use it.
Assess your current situation before making any moves. Look for the area where you need the most help. Owe a lot of debt? Use your inheritance to pay that off. Behind on retirement savings? Add the funds to your retirement savings account.